Marlowe's
drama Doctor Faustus is based on what purported to be a real
account of a German scholar and magician of the name of Doctor John Faustus
(1488-1541) who is said to have performed wonders and wreaked havoc across
Germany until his death in 1541. An English language account of his life
appeared in 1588. Marlowe, born in 1564, had just left Cambridge when The
History of the Damnable Life and Deserved Death of Doctor John Faustus was
published in England. Undoubtedly, Marlowe's youthful energy and Doctor
John Faustus had much to do with the writing of his own The
Tragical History of Doctor Faustus.
Doctor
Faustus is the protagonist and tragic hero of
Marlowe's play. He is a contradictory character, capable of both profound
intellectual thought and a grandiose ambition, yet prone to a blindness and a
willingness to waste the powers he has gained. He imagines piling up wealth
from the four corners of the globe, reshaping the map of Europe, and gaining
access to every scrap of knowledge about the universe. He represents the spirit
of the Renaissance, with its rejection of the medieval, God-centered universe,
and its embracing of scientific inquiry and human possibility.
Mephistophilis
is a character with mixed motives. He acts as an agent of Faustus' damnation,
witnesses Faustus' pact with Lucifer, and steps in whenever Faustus considers
repentance to convince him to stay loyal to hell. But he himself is damned and
speaks freely of the horrors of hell. There is a sense that a part of
Mephistophilis does not want Faustus to make the same mistakes that he made.
But, of course, Faustus does so anyway, making him and Mephistophilis kindred
spirits.
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