To Autumn’
is perhaps Keats’s most famous and beloved work. It is considered the perfect
embodiment of poetic form, intent, and effect. It was written in Winchester on
19 September 1819 and first published in 1820. Keats described the feeling
behind its composition in a letter to his friend Reynolds, ‘Somehow a stubble
plain looks warm – in the same way that some pictures look warm – this struck
me so much in my sunday’s [sic] walk that I composed upon it.’
In To
Autumn, John Keats paints three perfect autumnal landscapes in three
powerful stanzas. He also highlights the impact on the senses which
occur to the patient observer. The poem is written in a highly formal pattern
and combines rich imagery with clever use of personification.
The speaker
addresses autumn directly and personifies it as a woman. The poem moves from
the early stages of autumn to the coming of winter. It includes detailed
descriptions of different aspects of the season which is seen as beautiful and
full of natural wonder.
Keats
composed this poem after a countryside walk and was excited and moved by what
he saw. He has clearly captured the sights, sounds and smells that he
experienced here. However, the speaker’s attitude throughout the poem gradually
and subtly changes. At the start he is full of joy and wonder at the natural
world as he describes the rich abundance that nature offers. By the time he
reaches the third stanza there is a shift in his perspective. He becomes more
reflective and melancholy as he considers what the passing of
time actually means both to himself and humans in general.
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